Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Summary
Summary
The Carmel fault is one of the major geological structures in northern Israel. The fault is characterized by potentially hazardous seismic activity. It runs across densely populated areas and in proximity to the Haifa Bay petrochemical factories. Geological and geophysical studies have implied both horizontal and vertical movements along the Carmel Fault. Geodetic study – based on precise leveling that has been measured three times in 1987, 1992 and 2003, using the standard free net adjustment solution – presented significant vertical deformation.
Precise leveling measurements, as other geodetic measurements, partially define the network’s datum. The standard free net adjustment solution treats these elements as global geometric parameters of the network, which are defined with a stable datum over time. However, this assumption is not necessarily consistent with reality, and datum elements usually change over time. This makes it necessary to improve the solution, using an extended free net adjustment constraints analysis. The current paper presents an improved analysis of the same precise leveling measurements, which enables the cleaning of the leveling measurements from their datum content. This cleaning minimizes the effect of datum elements on the revaluated deformation and produces results that more clearly reflect the geophysical reality.